Grade 4 Science: Summative Exam Reviewer

All 7 Core Learning Units • High-Yield Concept Matrix

Grade 4 Science Page 1 of 4

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STUDY GUIDE Review these essential concepts and clinical summaries carefully before taking the 40-item Summative Mock Exam!

🦴 1. Human Body Systems Anatomy

Skeletal System: Framework of 206 bones; protects delicate organs (skull protects brain; ribcage protects heart/lungs).
Muscular System: Works with bones for locomotion; contracts and relaxes.
Digestive System: Breaks food into nutrients: mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine (absorption) → large intestine.
Circulatory System: Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Respiratory & Nervous: Lungs exchange $O_2$ and $CO_2$; Brain is command center.

🐾 2. Animal Body Parts & Adaptations Zoology

Movement: Fins/tails (swimming fish), wings (flying birds), webbed feet (paddling ducks/frogs), strong legs (running/jumping).
Feeding: Sharp curved beaks (tearing meat - eagles), long thin beaks (nectar - sunbirds), flat molars (plant grinding - cows).
Breathing Organs: Gills (dissolved $O_2$ in water), lungs (air), spiracles (insects), moist skin (amphibians).
Defense Adaptations: Hard carapace/shell, quills (porcupines), camouflage (chameleons/stick insects), mimicry, sharp claws/horns.

🏞️ 3. Animal Habitats & Ecosystems Ecology

Terrestrial: Land-dwellers (forests, grasslands, deserts) — deer, carabao.
Aquatic: Water-dwellers; Freshwater (lakes, rivers - bangus, tilapia) & Marine (oceans, coral reefs - dugong, clownfish, whales).
Aerial & Amphibious: Aerial spends major time in flight (swifts, bats); Amphibious thrives in both water and land (frogs, toads, mudskippers).
Philippine Sanctuaries: Mangrove roots nursery, tubbataha reefs.

🌱 4. Plant Parts & Physiology Botany

Roots: Anchor plant, absorb water/minerals (Taproot vs. Fibrous).
Internal Transport: Xylem transports water/minerals upward from roots; Phloem transports manufactured glucose throughout the plant.
Leaves & Photosynthesis: "Food factories"; uses sunlight + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen. Chlorophyll traps light; stomata breathe gases.
Special Adaptations: Cactus spines reduce water loss; lotus float.

🌾 5. Food Chains & Energy Flow Trophic Flow

Producers: Green autotrophs (plants/algae) that make own food via sun.
Consumers: Primary (herbivores), Secondary (carnivores/omnivores), Tertiary/Apex predators (top of chain - eagle, lion).
Decomposers: Fungi & bacteria recycle dead matter into soil nutrients.
Energy Arrow Direction: Always points from the organism eaten to the one eating it ($A \rightarrow B$ means energy flows into $B$). Disrupting one level collapses the rest!

🔄 6 & 7. Growth & Life Cycles Life Cycles

Human Growth Stages: Infancy → Childhood → Adolescence/Puberty (growth spurt) → Adulthood → Older Age. Essential needs: nutrition, sleep, activity.
Complete Metamorphosis (4 Stages): Egg → Larva (caterpillar, feeding) → Pupa (chrysalis, transformation) → Adult (butterfly).
Amphibian Cycle: Egg → Tadpole (gills/tail) → Froglet → Adult Frog (lungs/legs).
Direct Development: Young looks like miniature adult (chicken, dog, humans).

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EXAM TRAP WARNINGS: 1) Plants do not eat soil! Soil provides water and minerals, but plants manufacture their own food (glucose) in their green leaves. 2) In a food chain diagram, arrow $( \rightarrow )$ means "is eaten by / transfers energy to", NOT "hunts". 3) Butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis with 4 distinct body forms; tadpoles breathe with gills before developing lungs!

Grade 4 Science Summative Mock Exam

Part I: Human Body, Animal Adaptations & Habitats (Items 1–20)

Exam Part I Page 2 of 4

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PART A Multiple Choice (1–10): Read each question carefully. Shade or circle the letter of the best answer.

1 Which organ system protects your brain, heart, and lungs from physical injury?

A Muscular B Skeletal C Digestive D Nervous

2 What primary function do the lungs perform in the respiratory system?

A Pump blood B Digest carbs C Exchange gases D Filter urine

3 Where does the greatest absorption of broken-down nutrients into blood occur?

A Esophagus B Stomach C Small intestine D Large intestine

4 Why does an eagle have a sharp, strongly hooked beak?

A Crack hard nuts B Tear prey flesh C Sip floral nectar D Strain swamp mud

5 Which specialized body part enables a tilapia fish to extract oxygen dissolved in water?

A Moist lungs B Lateral fins C Feathery gills D Mucous scales

6 A stick insect resembling a dry twig to hide from predators displays what adaptation?

A Camouflage B Hibernation C Echolocation D Metamorphosis

7 Ducks and frogs have webbed feet. How does this structure assist their survival?

A Climbing tall bark B Efficient paddling C Catching insects D Burrowing tunnels

8 Animals that spend their lives entirely in oceans or coral reefs are classified as:

A Terrestrial B Marine aquatic C Freshwater D Aerial dwellers

9 What makes frogs, toads, and mudskippers unique in their habitat classification?

A They only fly B Live on land & water C Lay eggs in trees D Strictly marine

10 How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together during soccer practice?

A Bones digest food B Muscles pull bones C Blood stiffens skin D Nerves create bones

PART B Organ-to-System Matching (11–15): Write the letter of the correct Organ System in the blank space provided.

#	Organ / Structure	Primary Life Function	Write System Letter
11	Cranium (Skull)	Encloses and shields the command center of the nervous system.	(A. Circulatory)
12	Cardiac Muscle (Heart)	Contracts rhythmically to deliver oxygenated blood to all cells.	(B. Skeletal)
13	Stomach	Churns food with gastric acids and enzymes into liquid chyme.	(C. Digestive)
14	Trachea & Alveoli	Airway passage and microscopic air sacs for capillary gas exchange.	(D. Respiratory)
15	Brain & Spinal Cord	Receives sensory inputs and coordinates voluntary body actions.	(E. Nervous)

PART C Habitat & Adaptation Classification (16–20): Identify each animal's primary habitat (Terrestrial / Aquatic / Aerial / Amphibious) and its survival structure.

16 Philippine Eagle — Soars above rainforest canopies: Habitat: | Adaptation for catching prey:

17 Sea Turtle (Pawikan) — Migrates across deep oceans: Habitat: | Body part for swimming:

18 Philippine Porcupine — Forest floor dweller: Habitat: | Sharp defensive structure:

19 Mudskipper (Periophthalmus) — Muddy mangrove swamps: Habitat: | Special breathing mode:

20 Tarsier — Forest trees of Bohol: Habitat: | Specialized adaptation for nocturnal hunting:

Grade 4 Science Summative Mock Exam

Part II: Plants, Food Chains, Growth & Life Cycles (Items 21–40)

Exam Part II Page 3 of 4

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PART D Plant Physiology Mastery (21–26): Fill in the blanks with the correct scientific terms from the Word Bank below.

[ Xylem ] [ Phloem ] [ Stomata ] [ Chlorophyll ] [ Photosynthesis ] [ Taproot ]

21 The specialized vascular tube that carries water and dissolved soil minerals upward from roots is the .

22 Food (sugar/glucose) manufactured in green leaves is transported downward and throughout the plant by the .

23 Green leaves trap solar radiant energy using a specialized green chemical pigment called .

24 Microscopic openings on the underside of plant leaves that take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen are .

25 The biochemical process wherein green plants produce glucose using sunlight, water, and $CO_2$ is .

26 A single, thick primary root that grows deep into the ground to anchor large plants firmly is a .

PART E Food Chain Construction & Trophic Flow (27–32): Analyze the rice field ecosystem and answer each item.

☀️ Sun → [A] Rice Plant
(Producer) → [B] Locust / Hopper
(Herbivore) → [C] Field Frog
(Carnivore) → [D] Rat Snake / Cobra
(Top Predator) → [E] Fungi
(Decomposer)

27 Which organism in the chain above is the Primary Consumer? Answer:

28 In this food chain, what do the directional arrows $( \rightarrow )$ represent? Answer: Transfer of

29 Why is the Rice Plant categorized as a Producer? Answer: Because it makes its own

30 What vital role do Fungi and soil bacteria perform when the snake dies? Answer: Act as

31 Ecosystem Impact: If all frogs in the field are eliminated by pesticides, the locust population will: (increase / decrease).

32 Because the locusts multiply uncontrollably without frogs, the harvest of rice plants will: (increase / decrease).

PART F Growth & Life Cycle Sequencing (33–40): Sequence stages and analyze developmental processes.

Butterfly Metamorphosis (33–36): Number the stages from 1 (beginning) to 4 (final adult):

Caterpillar (Larva) Chrysalis (Pupa) Butterfly Egg Adult Butterfly

37 During complete butterfly metamorphosis, in which stage does the insect feed voraciously on leaves? Answer:

38 In a frog's life cycle, a swimming tadpole breathes with gills. What organs develop for breathing on land? Answer:

39 In human growth, the transition stage between childhood and adulthood marked by a rapid growth spurt is .

40 When a baby chick hatches from an egg, it resembles a smaller adult chicken. This type of growth is called: (Direct Development / Metamorphosis).

Master Answer Key & Teacher Guide

Complete Rationales, DepEd Standards & Diagnostic Rubric

Teacher / Parent Guide Page 4 of 4

SCORING GUIDE Use this master key to check the student's exam, diagnose learning gaps, and discuss scientific rationales.

PART I: HUMAN BODY & ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS ITEMS 1–20

1. B (Skeletal) — 206 bones form armor for brain (skull) and heart/lungs (ribcage).
2. C (Exchange gases) — Inhales $O_2$ into blood and exhales $CO_2$ waste.
3. C (Small intestine) — Villi absorb digested micro-nutrients into bloodstream.
4. B (Tear prey flesh) — Curved raptor beak cuts through meat efficiently.
5. C (Feathery gills) — Water flows across filaments to absorb dissolved $O_2$.
6. A (Camouflage) — Structural blending with background foliage.
7. B (Efficient paddling) — Skin webbing acts like flippers in water.
8. B (Marine aquatic) — Saline marine environments (oceans, reefs).
9. B (Live on land & water) — Amphibious dual-environment lifestyle.
10. B (Muscles pull bones) — Muscle contraction moves skeletal levers.
11. B (Skeletal) — Hard bone protection for the brain.
12. A (Circulatory) — Muscular pump circulating oxygenated blood.
13. C (Digestive) — Muscular sac churning proteins with gastric acid.
14. D (Respiratory) — Windpipe and alveoli delivering oxygen.
15. E (Nervous) — Central command processing sensory impulses.
16. Aerial / Terrestrial • Sharp talons / hooked beak.
17. Marine Aquatic • Paddle flippers.
18. Terrestrial • Sharp defensive quills / spines.
19. Amphibious • Moist skin & gill chambers holding water.
20. Terrestrial • Giant night-vision eyes & padded gripping fingers.

PART II: PLANTS, FOOD CHAINS & CYCLES ITEMS 21–40

21. Xylem — Water transport tissue from roots upward.
22. Phloem — Sugar/glucose transport tissue from leaves to all parts.
23. Chlorophyll — Light-absorbing green chemical in chloroplasts.
24. Stomata — Microscopic gas pores on leaf undersides.
25. Photosynthesis — Synthesis of food using sunlight.
26. Taproot — Deep anchor root (e.g., carrot, radish, mango tree).
27. Locust / Hopper (B) — First animal eating the plant producer.
28. Energy (Food Energy) — Arrow points to the consumer receiving energy.
29. Food (Glucose) — Autotrophs synthesize food via photosynthesis.
30. Decomposers — Break down carcasses and return nutrients to soil.
31. Increase — Locusts multiply freely without natural frog predation.
32. Decrease — Swarms of unchecked locusts consume the rice crop.
33–36 Sequencing:
• Stage 1: Butterfly Egg
• Stage 2: Caterpillar (Larva)
• Stage 3: Chrysalis (Pupa)
• Stage 4: Adult Butterfly
37. Caterpillar / Larva — Active feeding and rapid growth stage.
38. Lungs (and moist skin) — Terrestrial respiration organs.
39. Adolescence / Puberty — Rapid biological transition.
40. Direct Development — Offspring resembles parent from birth/hatching.

DIAGNOSTIC RUBRIC Total Score Evaluation & Grade 4 Science Proficiency Band

🌟 Advanced Master

36 – 40 pts

Flawless mastery across all 7 units. Big-school exam ready!

👍 Proficient

29 – 35 pts

Solid grasp of living systems; minor review needed on transport or food arrows.

⚠️ Approaching

21 – 28 pts

Needs targeted review on xylem/phloem and food chain balance dynamics.

🚨 Developing

0 – 20 pts

Significant conceptual gaps. Recommended for PERSONALIZED Tutoring.

🔬 Clinical Teacher Insight for Grade 4 Science:
Students who struggle with Questions 21–22 (Xylem vs. Phloem) and 28 (Food Chain Energy Arrows) often treat science as pure memorization rather than systemic flow. Remind students: Xylem = $H_2O$ (upward), Phloem = Food (all directions). In food chains, remind them that arrows always follow the food into the hungry stomach!

Grade 4 Science: Summative Exam Reviewer

Grade 4 Science Summative Mock Exam

Grade 4 Science Summative Mock Exam

Master Answer Key & Teacher Guide

📚 Related Grade 4 Science Unit Worksheets

🎯 Curriculum Alignment & Diagnostic Tutoring